Sinuses - PA 15° (Caldwell view)

Adult

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Name of projection	Sinuses - PA 15° (Caldwell view)
Area Covered	Frontal sinuses projected above the frontonasal suture, Anterior ethmoid air cells visualised lateral to each nasal bone directly below the frontal sinuses
Pathology shown	Inflammatory conditions ie: sinusitis, secondary osteomyelitis and sinus polyps
Radiographic Anatomy	Sinuses Radiographic Anatomy
IR Size & Orientation	18 x 24cm Portrait
Film / Screen Combination	Regular (CR and DR as recommended by manufacturer)
Bucky / Grid	Moving or Stationary Grid
Filter	No
Exposure	75 kVp 20 mAs
FFD / SID	100cm
Central Ray	CR angled caudad 15° and centre to exit at the nasion
Collimation	Four sides of collimation Collimate closely to area of sinus cavaties
Markers	Inferior and Lateral Marker orientation PA
Shielding	Gonadal (check your department's policy guidelines)
Respiration	Suspended
Positioning	Erect Patient is standing or sitting facing the upright bucky Forehead and nose touch the bucky The radiographic baseline (OrbitoMeatal Line) is perpendicular to the bucky The midsaggital plane is also perpendicular to the bucky The interpupillary line is parallel to the floor Ensure no rotation of the head by checking that the EAMs are the same distance from bucky CR angled caudal 15° CR directed to exit at the level of the nasion
Critique PACEMAN	Positioning Area Covered Collimation Exposure
Special Notes

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