Facial - PA (Caldwell) 15°

Adult

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Name of projection	Facial - PA (Caldwell) 15°
Area Covered	Orbital Rim, maxillae, nasal septum, zygomatic bones and anterior nasal spine
Pathology shown	Fractures, neoplasms and inflammatory processes of the facial bones
Radiographic Anatomy	Facial Bones Radiographic Anatomy
IR Size & Orientation	24 x 30 cm Portrait
Film / Screen Combination	Regular (CR and DR as recommended by manufacturer)
Bucky / Grid	Moving or Stationary Grid
Filter	No
Exposure	75 kVp 20 mAs
FFD / SID	100cm
Central Ray	CR angled caudad 15° and centre to exit at the nasion
Collimation	Outer skin margins of facial bones
Markers	Inferior and Lateral Marker orientation PA
Shielding	Gonadal (check your department's policy guidelines)
Respiration	Suspended
Positioning	Erect Patient is standing or sitting facing the upright bucky Forehead and nose touch the bucky The radiographic baseline (OrbitoMeatal Line) is perpendicular to the bucky The midsaggital plane is also perpendicular to the bucky The interpupillary line is parallel to the floor Ensure no rotation of the head by checking that the EAMs are the same distance from bucky CR angled caudal 15° CR directed to exit at the level of the nasion Prone Rest patients nose and forehead against table/bucky Flex neck to align OML perpendicular to IR Align midsagittal plane perpendicular to midline of table/bucky Centre IR to CR CR angled caudad 15° and centre to exit at the nasion
Critique PACEMAN	Positioning Area Covered Collimation Exposure
Special Notes

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