Skull - PA (Caldwelll) 15°
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Radiographic Positioning
Adult | Other related pages of interest |
Name of projection | Skull - PA (Caldwelll) 15° |
Area Covered | Greater and lesser sphenoid wings, frontal bone, superior orbital fissures, frontal and anterior ethmoid sinuses, superior orbital margins and crista galli |
Pathology shown | Fractures of the skull (medial and lateral displacement), neoplastic processes and Pagets disease |
Radiographic Anatomy | Skull Radiographic Anatomy |
IR Size & Orientation | 24 x 30 cm Portrait |
Film / Screen Combination | Regular (CR and DR as recommended by manufacturer) |
Bucky / Grid | Moving or Stationary Grid |
Filter | No |
Exposure | 75 kVp 20 mAs |
FFD / SID | 100 cm |
Central Ray | CR angled caudad 15° and centre to exit at the nasion |
Collimation | Outer skin margins of the skull |
Markers | Inferior and Lateral Marker orientation PA |
Shielding | Gonadal (check your department's policy guidelines) |
Respiration | Suspended |
Positioning | Erect
|
Critique | Positioning
|
Special Notes | Effect of 0-5 degree caudal central ray angulation
The distance from the lateral border of the orbit to the lateral border of the skull on one side will be decreased on the side the patient is looking to. That is, in a PA position, if the patient is rotated to the left, then the distance will be smaller on this side when compared with the right side of the skull.) |